Which individual is known as the first professionally trained African American nurse?

Mary Eliza Mahoney is recognized as the first professionally trained African American nurse due to her pivotal role in breaking racial barriers in the nursing profession. She graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879, making her the first African American to earn a professional nursing diploma in the United States. Her achievement was significant not only because it marked a milestone in her personal career but also because it paved the way for future generations of African American nurses. Mahoney's dedication to the nursing profession and her advocacy for the rights of African American nurses have made her a celebrated figure in nursing history.

In contrast, the other individuals mentioned, though influential in the field of nursing, are not recognized for the same historical significance regarding African American representation in nursing. Dorthea Dix was a prominent activist for mental health reform, Virginia Henderson is known for her work in nursing theory and definition, and Hildegard Peplau contributed significantly to psychiatric nursing and interpersonal relations in nursing. Each had their distinctive contributions, but none hold the distinction that Mahoney does in the context of being the first professionally trained African American nurse.